{"id":983,"date":"2025-09-16T08:10:08","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T08:10:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/?p=983"},"modified":"2025-09-16T08:10:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T08:10:09","slug":"alman-kimliginin-politik-ve-kulturel-insasinin-kisa-panoramasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/2025\/09\/16\/alman-kimliginin-politik-ve-kulturel-insasinin-kisa-panoramasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Alman Kimli\u011finin Politik ve K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u0130n\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131sa Panoramas\u0131\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Kimlik se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir anlat\u0131, ay\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir aidiyetle tesis edilen b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcn, kimi y\u00fcceltti\u011fiyle, neyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve hangi de\u011ferleri d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anlam\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eder. Alman kimli\u011fi bu ba\u011flamda etnik ya da co\u011fraf\u00ee aidiyetin de\u011fil;&nbsp;dil, estetik ve iktidar ekseninde \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir millet tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kutsal Roma Germen miras\u0131ndan Martin Luther\u2019in Almancas\u0131na, Winckelmann\u2019\u0131n Antik Yunan ideallerinden Bismarck\u2019\u0131n \u201cKan ve Demir\u201d siyasetine kadar uzanan bu in\u015fa s\u00fcreci yaln\u0131zca bir tarihin de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir&nbsp;me\u015fruiyet bi\u00e7iminin hik\u00e2yesidir. Almanl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel \u00fcretimin, estetik ideolojinin ve siyasal zorun birle\u015fimiyle \u015fekillenen&nbsp;politik bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Par\u00e7al\u0131 Co\u011frafyadan Birlik \u0130dealine<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Orta \u00c7a\u011f sonras\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da, Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere gibi \u00fclkeler merkez\u00ee monar\u015filerle siyas\u00ee birliklerini sa\u011flarken, Almanya y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca par\u00e7al\u0131 bir yap\u0131da kald\u0131. Kutsal Roma Germen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu bir merkez\u00ee otoriteden \u00e7ok say\u0131s\u0131z prensli\u011fin gev\u015fek bir konfederasyonuydu. Bu par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k, yaln\u0131zca bir siyas\u00ee bo\u015fluk de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir&nbsp;kimlik krizi&nbsp;anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Almanya&#8217;n\u0131n \u201ctek bir millet\u201d olarak tasar\u0131m\u0131, \u00f6nce k\u00fclt\u00fcrel d\u00fczlemde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cmillet\u201d fikri, s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7izilmeden \u00f6nce&nbsp;belirdi, edeb\u00ee metinlerde, m\u00fczikte ve felsefede \u015fekillendi. Bu tasar\u0131m\u0131n zemininde ise iki tarihsel e\u011filim vard\u0131:&nbsp;Birle\u015ftirici Protestan etik&nbsp;ve&nbsp;klasik estetik idealler. Prusya\u2019n\u0131n Protestan disiplini ile Avusturya\u2019n\u0131n Katolik imparatorluk yap\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda sal\u0131nan Alman d\u00fcalizmi, yaln\u0131zca din\u00ee farkl\u0131l\u0131klar de\u011fil,&nbsp;farkl\u0131 Almanl\u0131k kurgular\u0131&nbsp;aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dil ve Din: Hakikatin Ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olarak Almanca<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alman ulusal bilincinin in\u015fas\u0131nda dil, yaln\u0131zca ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 de\u011fil, hakikatin me\u015fru ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 haline geldi. Gutenberg\u2019in matbaay\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesi, zamanla geni\u015fleyen etkisiyle bilgi \u00fcretiminde ve dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yaratt\u0131. Ancak bu geli\u015fme Martin Luther\u2019in \u0130ncil\u2019i Almancaya \u00e7evirmesiyle birlikte k\u00fclt\u00fcrel-politik bir i\u00e7erik kazand\u0131. Art\u0131k kutsal olan yaln\u0131zca Tanr\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc de\u011fil, o s\u00f6z\u00fcn yerli bir dille ifadesiydi. Bu hem bireysel vicdan\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesini hem de ortak bir Alman kimli\u011finin filizlenmesini sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Luther\u2019in y\u00f6nelimi, evrensel kilise otoritesine kar\u015f\u0131 yerel prenslikleri ve sek\u00fcler iktidarlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren yeni bir d\u00fczenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/strong>&nbsp;Kutsal metnin halk\u0131n diline \u00e7evrilmesi ise yaln\u0131zca inan\u00e7la ilgili bir yenilik de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasal \u00f6zerklik aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesiydi.&nbsp;B\u00f6ylece Protestanl\u0131k, teolojik bir reform olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, siyasal par\u00e7alanmay\u0131 ve yerel iktidar yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini me\u015fru zemine oturttu.&nbsp;<strong>Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Almancan\u0131n standartla\u015fmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca dilsel birli\u011fi de\u011fil, y\u00fckselen burjuvazinin ve \u015fehirli e\u011fitimli s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve siyasal alanda g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/strong>&nbsp;Kilise Latincesinin yerini alan ortak dil, aristokrasinin soy ba\u011flar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, okuryazarl\u0131k ve bilgiye eri\u015fim \u00fczerinden yeni bir me\u015fruiyet bi\u00e7imi sundu. Alman kimli\u011fi, b\u00f6ylece hem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir ortakl\u0131k hem de siyasal bir yeniden yap\u0131lanma olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br><\/strong><strong>Estetik Hegemonya: Antik Yunan\u2019\u0131 Sahiplenmek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde estetik, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fczelli\u011fin de\u011fil hakikatin, ahl\u00e2k\u0131n ve hatta ulusal me\u015fruiyetin alan\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi. Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Eski Yunan sanat\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadelik ve y\u00fcceli\u011fi, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n siyasal da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ideal bir model olarak sundu. Ancak bu y\u00f6neli\u015f yaln\u0131zca tarihsel bir hayranl\u0131k de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel m\u00fclkiyete d\u00f6n\u00fck bir talep olarak okunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Antik Yunan esteti\u011fi, Alman kimli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan evrenselin temsilcisi olarak yeniden kodland\u0131; bu yeniden kodlama, estetik olan \u00fczerinden kurulan bir egemenlik bi\u00e7imini de beraberinde getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Winckelmann\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi Antik Yunan ideali, aristokratik\u2013burjuva bir zevk sistemini evrenselle\u015ftirdi.<\/strong>&nbsp;Sade, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc, simetrik ve idealize edilmi\u015f olan bu anlay\u0131\u015f, halk anlat\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, yerel estetik pratikleri ve kilise d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sanat formlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rakan bir \u00fcst-be\u011feni dili in\u015fa etti. B\u00f6ylece yaln\u0131zca hangi formlar\u0131n de\u011ferli say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, hangi toplumsal kesimlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak me\u015fru kabul edildi\u011fi de belirlenmi\u015f oldu.&nbsp;<strong>Bu be\u011feni rejimi, e\u011fitimli\u2013kentsel elitlerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirirken, halk esteti\u011fini, duygusal olan\u0131 ya da s\u00fcslemeci tarzlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir alt-k\u00fclt\u00fcr konumuna itti.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estetik bir be\u011feni normu \u00fczerinden kurulan bu ayr\u0131m, Alman kimli\u011finin yaln\u0131zca siyas\u00ee de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel a\u00e7\u0131dan da \u201cse\u00e7kin\u201d bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Sanat yoluyla kurulan bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck iddias\u0131, ilerleyen s\u00fcre\u00e7te yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7mi\u015fin de\u011fil, gelece\u011fin de kime ait olaca\u011f\u0131na dair bir tahayy\u00fcl olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ahlak, Estetik ve Devlet: Kant\u00e7\u0131 Temel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l Alman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde Immanuel Kant\u2019\u0131n estetik ve ahlak felsefesi, yaln\u0131zca bireyin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda yeni bir politik \u00f6zne ve devlet tasavvurunu temellendiren kurucu bir paradigma sundu. Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re g\u00fczellik, do\u011fada bulunan nesnel bir nitelik de\u011fil, yarg\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u201cilgisiz ho\u015flanma\u201dya dayanan bir i\u015flevidir; yani bir nesneden \u00e7\u0131kar g\u00f6zetmeksizin, salt bi\u00e7imsel uyum ve oran \u00fczerinden ho\u015flanma duyulur. Bu \u201c\u00f6znel evrensellik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, herkesin payla\u015fabilece\u011fi bir be\u011feni h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6nerir. G\u00fczellik, ortak insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sezgisel bir dili h\u00e2line gelirken, bireysel yarg\u0131n\u0131n da me\u015fru bir alan\u0131 olarak konumlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y\u00fccelik ise Kant i\u00e7in daha \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r: \u0130nsan akl\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fadaki b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck veya kudret kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 fark etmesi ve buna ra\u011fmen kendi ahlak\u00ee yasas\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131yabilmesi y\u00fcceli\u011fin \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu, yaln\u0131zca estetik bir deneyim de\u011fil; bireyin kendi akl\u0131na, kendi i\u00e7sel yasas\u0131na boyun e\u011fdi\u011fi bir&nbsp;<strong>\u00f6znellik prati\u011fidir<\/strong>. Bu nedenle Kant\u00e7\u0131 y\u00fccelik, bireyin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ahlak\u00ee kapasitesinin fark\u0131na varmas\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder; estetik ise yaln\u0131zca bireysel haz de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda politik bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck bilincinin zeminidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Alman kimli\u011finin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel in\u015fas\u0131nda temel bir y\u00f6nelim olu\u015fturur. Kant\u2019\u0131n estetik ve ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, yeni bir yurtta\u015f modeli \u015fekillendirir:&nbsp;<strong>D\u00fczenli, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc, ak\u0131lc\u0131 fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcce olana a\u00e7\u0131labilen, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yabilen bir birey.<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>Bu birey anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca ki\u015fisel geli\u015fim de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u201culus-devlet\u201d idealinin ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak anlam kazan\u0131r. Yani Kant, modern Alman devletinin yaln\u0131zca ahlak\u00ee me\u015fruiyetini de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da felsef\u00ee olarak in\u015fa eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kant\u2019\u0131n felsefesi, Almanya\u2019da modernli\u011fin yaln\u0131zca teknik ya da siyasal bir mesele de\u011fil,&nbsp;<strong>ahlak\u00ee ve estetik bir disiplin alan\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;olarak&nbsp;<strong>in\u015fa edilmesinde kurucu bir zemin olu\u015fturur<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong>&nbsp;Alman kimli\u011fi, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede yaln\u0131zca tarihsel veya etnik bir olgu de\u011fil,&nbsp;<strong>akl\u0131n ve yasan\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirdi\u011fi bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zne<\/strong>&nbsp;olarak tasavvur edilir. Devlet, bu \u00f6znenin kolektif sureti; estetik ise onun duyusal-simgesel d\u00fczenidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kan ve Demir: K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Birikimin Siyasal Mimarisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda Otto von Bismarck\u2019\u0131n \u201cKan ve Demir\u201d siyaseti, y\u00fczy\u0131llara yay\u0131lan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve entelekt\u00fcel birikimi salt bir fikir d\u00fcnyas\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kararak politik bir beden kazand\u0131rd\u0131. Fichte\u2019nin idealist Almanl\u0131k tahayy\u00fcl\u00fc, Winckelmann\u2019\u0131n evrensel estetik iddias\u0131 ve Kant\u2019\u0131n birey ahlak\u0131na dayal\u0131 d\u00fczen fikri bu d\u00f6nemde ilk kez disiplinli bir siyasal yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde somutla\u015ft\u0131. Bismarck\u2019\u0131n projesi, yaln\u0131zca farkl\u0131 Alman prensliklerini birle\u015ftiren bir asker\u00ee ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011fil; k\u00fclt\u00fcr, dil ve estetik \u00fczerinden in\u015fa edilmi\u015f bir ulus tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn zor yoluyla kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ba\u011flamda Alman birli\u011fi ideolojik olarak uzun s\u00fcre boyunca estetikte, dinde ve felsefede haz\u0131rlanan \u201cbirlik fikri\u201dnin siyas\u00ee alanda v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eiirsel ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel olan, art\u0131k haritalara kaz\u0131nan bir s\u0131n\u0131r rejimi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015fti. \u201cAlmanya\u201d bir co\u011frafyadan \u00e7ok, belirli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel disiplinin siyasal mimarisi olarak anlam kazand\u0131. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler diyar\u0131 olarak an\u0131lan Almanya, bu a\u015famada art\u0131k kendi hayalini bir devlet formuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir uygarl\u0131k projesi h\u00e2line geldi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bismarck\u2019\u0131n elinde, Luther\u2019in bireysel vicdan\u0131, Kant\u2019\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve Winckelmann\u2019\u0131n ideal esteti\u011fi, disiplinli bir ulusal kimli\u011fin yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Bu sentez yaln\u0131zca bir devletin do\u011fu\u015funu de\u011fil, bir toplumun nas\u0131l hissedece\u011fini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnece\u011fini ve kendini nas\u0131l g\u00f6rece\u011fini belirleyen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir ayg\u0131t\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 da ifade eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cAlmanl\u0131k\u201d, yaln\u0131zca bir soya ya da s\u0131n\u0131ra de\u011fil, belirli bir zihinsel forma, estetik tavra ve siyasal itaate ba\u011flanan b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir yap\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7: K\u00fclt\u00fcrle Kurulan Bir Devlet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alman kimli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca tarihsel geli\u015fmelerin bir sonucu de\u011fil, her a\u015famas\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar ve otorite bi\u00e7imleriyle \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir politik projedir. Dilin kutsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, estetik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fcn evrenselle\u015ftirilmesi, bireyin i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceltilmesi ve t\u00fcm bu alanlar\u0131n devlet formunda cisimle\u015ftirilmesi, Almanl\u0131k tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hem k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hem de siyasal bir ideolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck haline getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck, yaln\u0131zca felsefi veya sanatsal ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n toplam\u0131 de\u011fil; se\u00e7ici bir tarihsellik, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir temsil ve y\u00f6nlendirici bir iktidar tahayy\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yani Almanl\u0131k, ortak bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fin miras\u0131 de\u011fil; ortak bir anlam rejiminin sonucudur. Kimli\u011fin bu \u015fekilde tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir yap\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sahiplenmenin \u00f6tesinde, gelece\u011fi bi\u00e7imlendirme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de kendinde g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bug\u00fcn bile Almanya dendi\u011finde sadece sanayi, teknoloji ya da demokrasi de\u011fil; Kant, Goethe, Beethoven gibi \u201cdevlet kurucu\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imleri hat\u0131rlan\u0131r. Bu, bize bir milletin yaln\u0131zca topra\u011fa de\u011fil; tasavvura, dile, sanat anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve de\u011ferler sistemine de dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almanl\u0131k, k\u00fclt\u00fcrle kurulan bir devlet ve devletle tahkim edilmi\u015f bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrd\u00fcr. Alman kimli\u011fini anlamak, yaln\u0131zca bir ulusun tarihini de\u011fil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn iktidara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme bi\u00e7imlerini de anlamak demektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kimlik se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bir anlat\u0131, ay\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f bir ge\u00e7mi\u015f, d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir aidiyetle tesis edilen b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131d\u0131r. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcn, kimi y\u00fcceltti\u011fiyle, neyi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve hangi de\u011ferleri d\u0131\u015farda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131yla anlam\u0131n\u0131 in\u015fa eder. Alman kimli\u011fi bu ba\u011flamda etnik ya da co\u011fraf\u00ee aidiyetin de\u011fil;&nbsp;dil, estetik ve iktidar ekseninde \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir millet tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kutsal Roma Germen miras\u0131ndan Martin Luther\u2019in Almancas\u0131na, Winckelmann\u2019\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-983","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-p-kultur"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=983"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":984,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions\/984"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/politiq.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}